Ask sales for the Certificate of Analysis matched to the offered or supplied lot; it records the tests actually completed, applicable specifications, and reported results.
Review the matching batch COA for the analytical scope and results recorded for that lot.
MOTS-c (Human) release-packet review for pharmacy QA and regulated procurement
This Vialdyne page is the primary SEO owner for buyers evaluating MOTS-c (Human) through a pharmacy QA, clinic procurement, or regulated-sourcing workflow. It should answer whether the buyer can request a batch COA, release-test scope, destination-market review, and add-on documentation before moving into pricing or repeat inventory planning.
Use this page when the buyer needs release documentation, lot-specific QA evidence, and destination-market fit before supplier approval.
Ask for a release packet when the next decision is pharmacy qualification, recurring inventory planning, or internal QA-file review.
Broad catalog economics and analytical/reference-standard method packets sit outside this page's compounding-procurement focus.
Overview
Sequence MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR, 16 residues, encoded inside the 12S rRNA region of the human mitochondrial genome, MOTS-c is one of the better-characterised members of the mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) class. MDPs are a relatively recent addition to the peptide therapeutics universe: they are translated from short open reading frames sitting inside mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs, a class of peptides the textbooks did not acknowledge until the early 2010s. MOTS-c signalling itself runs retrograde, from mitochondrion to nucleus, through AMPK-axis activation; the published research portfolio spans glucose metabolism, insulin-sensitivity endpoints, exercise-capacity studies, body-weight regulation, and the broader landscape of age-related mitochondrial decline. For 503A pharmacies tracking the regulatory pipeline: MOTS-c is currently scheduled on the FDA PCAC July 2026 agenda for review against the 503A bulks list, with proposed indications covering obesity and osteoporosis.
For compounding pharmacy buyers, Vialdyne releases MOTS-c acetate as a lyophilised powder against a ≥99.0% main-peak HPLC specification. The standard batch packet pairs RP-HPLC peak integration with ESI-MS at the 2174.6 Da theoretical mass, Karl Fischer water, and counter-ion quantitation; LC-MS/MS sequence verification is available as a documented add-on. Plasma half-life is short, on the order of minutes to a couple of hours, so MOTS-c functions as a tool for acute mitochondrial-signalling protocols rather than sustained-elevation work, repeat dosing or sustained-release formulation is required to hold biological exposure across longer windows. Four nominal strengths from 10 to 40 mg cover both aliquot-scale bench work and small-batch dispensing inside a single qualified supplier line.
Applications & buyer fit
Mitochondrial-targeted peptides ship primarily to research labs studying OXPHOS, ROS biology, and mitochondrial dysfunction in disease models. The lipophilic / cationic character that drives mitochondrial accumulation also makes these peptides somewhat oxidation-prone in solution, working stocks should be prepared fresh or held at -80 °C rather than -20 °C when the workflow permits.
How MOTS-c (Human) is sourced
Sourced for
Research into OXPHOS, ROS biology, and mitochondrial dysfunction in disease models
Buyer fit
503A / 503B compounding pharmacies
academic and contract research laboratories
Documentation that ships
Certificate of Analysis (COA)
HPLC Chromatogram
Mass-spec identity (ESI-MS)
Sequence verification (LC-MS/MS)
Oxidative-stability data
Bacterial endotoxin (LAL, USP <85>)
Bioburden screening
SDS / MSDS
Procurement note: The cationic / lipophilic character makes these peptides oxidation-prone in solution; working stocks are best held cold and prepared fresh.
Primary buyer fit: 503A / 503B compounding pharmacies and academic and contract research laboratories.
Specifications
CAS
1627580-64-6
Sequence
MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR
Purity (HPLC)
≥ 99.0%
Strength
10 mg – 40 mg
Packaging
10 vials/box · base pack (multiples of 10)
Half-life
≈ 30-60 minutes
MOQ
On request
Lead time
10–18 days
Storage
-20°C, protect from light
Certificate of Analysis
Representative COA previews for MOTS-c (Human); request the certificate matched to the offered or supplied lot from sales. These are previews — request the full high-resolution certificate for any lot.
Product- and strength-matched first-page previews are shown separately from Vialdyne's lot-specific Batch COAs. Reference the report number when requesting the complete, high-resolution file from sales.
Independent HPLC and mass-spectrometry reports from Qorix , the professional, authoritative third-party analytical laboratory at tjqxgd.com, affiliated with the Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine.
Regulatory note
MOTS-c is presently before the FDA's PCAC (July 2026) for addition to the 503A bulks list, the proposed indications being obesity and osteoporosis.
Selected literature
Lee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, Sallam T, Martin-Montalvo A, Wan J, Kim SJ, Mehta H, Hevener AL, de Cabo R, Cohen P. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2015;21(3):443-454.
Reynolds JC, Lai RW, Woodhead JST, et al. MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nat Commun. 2021;12:470.
Kim SJ, Miller B, Mehta HH, Xiao J, Wan J, Arpawong TE, Yen K, Cohen P. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c is a regulator of plasma metabolites and enhances insulin sensitivity. Physiol Rep. 2019;7(13):e14171.
Wan W, Zhang L, Lin Y, Rao X, Wang X, Hua F, Ying J. Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c: effects and mechanisms related to stress, metabolism and aging. J Transl Med. 2023;21:36.
Kumagai H, Kim SJ, Miller B, et al. MOTS-c modulates skeletal muscle function by directly binding and activating CK2. iScience. 2024;27(11):111212.
Pham T, Taberner A, Hickey A, Han JC. Mitochondria-derived peptide MOTS-c restores mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetic heart. Front Physiol. 2025;16:1602271.
Frequently asked questions
What makes MOTS-c interesting as a mitochondrial-derived peptide?▾
MOTS-c was among the earliest mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) identified, a class of short peptides translated from previously-overlooked open reading frames inside mitochondrial ribosomal RNA. The discovery rewrote the textbook claim that mitochondrial DNA encodes only 13 OXPHOS-subunit protein products and exposed a second layer of nucleus-targeted signalling peptides emerging from mitochondrial transcripts. MOTS-c itself signals retrograde, mitochondrion-to-nucleus, activating AMPK-axis pathways and modulating nuclear gene expression in response to metabolic stress. That mechanism is fundamentally distinct from the receptor-pharmacology playbook that dominates the rest of the metabolism and longevity peptide space.
How is MOTS-c different from SS-31 (Elamipretide) within the mitochondrial category?▾
Both molecules sit inside mitochondrial biology but engage it from opposite directions. MOTS-c is an endogenously-encoded signalling peptide that travels retrograde from mitochondrion to nucleus through AMPK and related metabolic-sensor pathways; the effect is gene-expression modulation. SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeted peptide that partitions into the inner mitochondrial membrane and physically protects cardiolipin from peroxidation; the effect is direct biochemical preservation of OXPHOS machinery. The selection criterion is the experimental endpoint, metabolic-signalling and gene-expression work points to MOTS-c, while oxidative-stress and OXPHOS-integrity work points to SS-31.
